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Review Article

Psychological Interventions to Reduce Gambling Behavior Among People Involved in the Criminal Justice System: A Systematic Review and Recommendations

Shakina Bellam, Rohini Ravishankar, Mamta Kumari, Rachel Steele, Anne Aboaja and Amanda E Perry*

Corresponding Author: Amanda E Perry, University of York, Department of Health Sciences, ARRC Building, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK

Received: April 06, 2022 ;    Revised: April 24, 2022 ;    Accepted: May 7, 2022 ;   Available Online: May 20, 2022

Citation: Bellam S, Ravishankar R, Kumari M, Steele R, Aboaja A, et al. (2022) Psychological Interventions to Reduce Gambling Behavior Among People Involved in the Criminal Justice System: A Systematic Review and Recommendations. J Psychol Psychiatry Res, 1(2): 1-9.

Copyrights: ©2022 Bellam S, Ravishankar R, Kumari M, Steele R, Aboaja A, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

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Abstract

Background: People involved in the criminal justice system are at an elevated risk of developing problem gambling. Despite this, the effectiveness of treatment interventions to reduce gambling behavior in this population are largely unknown. We conducted a systematic review and propose recommendations for future research.

Methods: We systematically reviewed MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Embase and grey literature following Cochrane Collaboration guidelines between 2005 and March 2020. We identified psychological interventions of randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies for people involved with the criminal justice system with gambling problems. Data were extracted on the primary outcome of gambling behavior, and secondary outcomes of self-harm, suicidal behavior, alcohol, drug misuse and quality of life measures. We conducted a narrative synthesis and used the Cochrane risk of bias and the Joanna Briggs Inventory tools to assess methodological quality.

Findings: Our search yielded 759 records. 42 full text articles were assessed for eligibility, two randomized controlled trials and one quasi-experimental study involving 684 people met the inclusion criteria. Interventions included a brief referral system, cognitive behavioral therapy and a prison-based psychoeducational program. None of the treatments were found to be superior to the alternative comparison. Outcome measures of problem gambling were varied, no secondary outcomes were reported. Methodological quality varied across the studies.

Interpretation: Research to identify effective interventions to reduce gambling behavior in criminal justice involved populations are needed. Evidence to address questions relating to the impact of initiated treatment effectiveness. A public health framework is required to develop the co-production and adaptation of existing interventions to increase motivation, uptake and consider the comorbidity between physical and mental health and gambling behavior. Collaborative agency work is required to develop new pathways for treatment.

Keywords: Gambling, Systematic review, Criminal justice, Offenders

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